Nūhou

11
Pā'ā'āʻaʻia

ʻO ka ikaika o ka shlancage o kekahi papa o kekahi o ka wai o ka wai i kapaʻia ka'ōpū o ka papa, aʻo ka waihonaʻo ia no n. · m-1.

'āhamea

Ua kapaʻia ka waiwai o ka hōʻemiʻana i ka nui o ka maka o keʻano o ka suetent ma ka hana papa, a he waiwai me kēia waiwai i kapaʻia heʻano ikaika.

ʻO ka papa hana-ikaika e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā molecules i ka hopena a me nā hana a nā micelles a me nā hana'ē aʻe, a loaʻa hoʻi nā mea kanu

ʻekolu

ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū me nā hui hui me nā waiwai kūikawā a me nā waiwai, e hiki ai ke hoʻololi nui i keʻano o nā wai āpau ma waena o nā wai.

I nā'ōlelo o ka hoʻonohonohoʻana, he mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i loko o kēlā me kēia mau hui o keʻano likeʻole o kā lākou mau molecules. I ka hopena hoʻokahi he kaulahao lōʻihi o ka huiʻole, e hoʻomoʻa i ka aila a me ka nui o ka wai hydrophobic a iʻole ka huiʻana i ka wai hydrophobic a iʻole ka wai hou. ʻO nā hui lōʻihi o kēlā mau wai hana nui o ka wai o nā hydrocarbons Pono ka hui o ka Hydrophilicic Group e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hōʻoiaʻana i nā mea āpau āpau e hoʻomoʻa i ka wai a loaʻa iā ia ka pono kūpono. No ka mea e loaʻa nā mea kanu i nā hui hydropphilic a me nā hui hydrophobic, hiki iā lākou ke lulu i ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi o nā wai wai. ʻO kēia hydrophilic a me ka waiwai o Lipophilic e kapaʻiaʻo nā mea hana i kapaʻiaʻo Amphiphilicity.

ka lua
ʻehā

ʻO nā mea heʻano heʻano o nā molelu amphiphilic o nā molluphic a me nā hui hydrophobicʻelua a me nā hui hydrophilic a me nā hui hydrophilic. ʻO nā hui hydrophobic o nā mea hana e pili mau ana i nā hydrocarbons lōʻihi, e like me ka countly alkyl c8 ~ c20 ʻO kaʻokoʻa ka mea liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā hui hydrophobic he nui loa i nā loli o nā kaula hydrocarbon. Aʻo nāʻano o nā hui hydrophilic hou, no laila nā waiwai o nā mea he nui e pili ana i nā hui hydrophilic i hoʻohuiʻia i ka nui o nā hui hydrophobic. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā loli o nā hui hydrophilic i nā hui hydrophobic Kuhi ka papa kuhikuhi he mea i he'una a iʻole nā ​​Inicphilip Phirʻaʻohe Iniicʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia, aʻaʻole hoʻi i māheleʻia i loko o Menicrants, JOWERERIC, ZWION

ʻelima

① AdSorpting o nā kumulāʻau ma nā interfac

ʻO nā molekula nā molekula he amphiphilic molecules e loaʻa ana i nā molpophilicʻelua a me nā hui hydrophilic. Ke hoʻopauʻia ka mea i loko o ka wai. ʻO nā molena'ē aʻe hou aʻe (a iʻole nā ​​makemake) i hoʻolahaʻia ma ka interface,ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻemiʻana i ka'ā'ī o ka interfacial.

②ʻO kekahi mau waiwai o ka membrane adsoring

Ka palena o ka membrane admbrane adsorping: E ​​hoʻohālikelike ana i ka mīkini uila e hana ana i ka membrane i ka lewa.

Hōʻike Storcosity: E like me keʻano o ke kinoʻana,ʻo Viskey Siscosity he waiwai i hōʻikeʻia e ka membrane molecular. Hoʻokuʻuʻia e kahi pūpū kīwī maikaʻi o ke kīleʻaleʻa, no laila e hoʻopili ana kona lele i ka pahu wai ʻO keʻano:ʻO ka mua, ua mālamaʻia ka hoʻokolohua ma ka papahele anu e ana ana, a laila i alaʻia ka pelekikena, a laila i ka wā o ka hoʻolālā ma waena o nā meaʻelua.

ʻO ka maka o ka maka e pili ana i ka paʻa o ka hanu o ka membrane o ka membrane, a mai ka wā o ka membrane e hoʻonui nei, he kolonā. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kino a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity i ka viscosity o ka membrane adsorbed, ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna modulus elastic. ʻO ka modulus modulus o ka membrane adsoring membrane he mea nui loa ia i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopiliʻana o ka bubble.

③ hoʻokumu i nā micelles

Dulite Solutions o nā mea e mālama i nā kānāwai i ukaliʻia e nā kānāwai kūpono e nā hopena kūpono. ʻO ka nui o nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma luna o kaʻaoʻao o ka hopena e hoʻonui me keʻano o ka hoʻonāʻana, aʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻaʻana o ka hoʻolaha ʻO nā hana a me nā hōʻike hōʻike e hōʻike ana e hana i nā hui i loko o ka hopena, a ua kapaʻia kēia mau hui pū me nā micelles.

ʻO keʻano hoʻokūkū Micelle (cmc)

④ cmc waiwai o nā mea maʻamau maʻamau.

ʻeono

ʻO HLB ka pōkole o ka hydrophile lipophile liphipolale countle, e hōʻike ana i ka kaulike o ka hydrophilic a me nā lipophilic Hōʻike ka waiwai HLB nui i kahi molecule me ka hydrophinicity ikaika a nāwaliwali me keʻano, nā lipophilicity ikaika a nāwaliwali nāwaliwali.

① nā'āpana o ka waiwai hlb

ʻO ka waiwai o ka HLB he waiwai pili, no laila ke kūkuluʻia nei ka waiwai o ka HLB,ʻo ia ka nui o ka socialist, he 40. ʻO nā Emulsifiers me nā hualoaʻa HlB ma mua o 10 ka lipophilic,ʻoiaiʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea he 10 ma mua o 10 he hydrophilic. No laila,ʻo ka huliʻana mai ka lipophilic i ka hydrophilic i kahi o 10.

E pili ana i nā kumuwaiwai HLB o nā mea kanu, hiki i kahi manaʻo maʻamau ke loaʻa i kā lākou hoʻohana hiki ke loaʻa, e like me ka hōʻikeʻana ma ka papa 1-3.

ʻano
ehiku

ʻElua mau mea waiwaiʻole,ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha kekahi i nā mea'ē aʻe e like me nā mea'ē aʻe ʻO kēia'ōnaehana ka mea i hanaʻoleʻia ma muli o ka piʻiʻana o ka palena palena o nā waiʻelua o keʻano o nā wai āpau i hanaʻia ai ka Emulsion. I mea e hana ai i ka emulsion i kahi mea e pono ai, pono e hoʻohui i kahi'āpanaʻekolu - emulsifier e hōʻemi i ka ikaika interfacial o ka'ōnaehana. ʻO Emulsifier no nā mea hana,ʻo ia ka hana nui e pāʻani i ka hana o ka emulsion. ʻO ka pana o ka emulsion e hele ana e like me nā toplets i kapaʻiaʻo ia i ka palaki

① Emulsifiers a me nā elulsions

ʻO nā mea maʻamau maʻamau, hoʻokahi o ka wai a iʻole nā ​​mea hana'ē aʻe e like me keʻano o ka wai e like me keʻano o ka wai emulsion, hōʻikeʻia me w / o (wai / aila). ʻO ka nui o ka wai-i-wai-wai-wai w / o / w e hana ai a me ka wai-wai-wai

Hoʻohanaʻia nā Emulsifiers e hoʻokūkū i nā emulosize e ka hōʻemiʻana i ka luhi interfacial a me ka hoʻokumuʻana i ka membrane maʻamau.

I ka emulsifification o nā pono emulsifier:

A: Pono ke Emulsifier i ka AdSorb a iʻole Enipi i waena o nā hālāwai ma waena o nā pōʻelua, i hoʻemi ka umauma maʻamau o ka Internsucial

B: Pono ka Emulifier e hāʻawi i nā'āpana i ka hoʻopiʻiʻana, a laila e hōʻoleʻia kēlā mau mea kūʻai aku ma waena o nā'āpana.

No laila, hoʻohana ka waiwai ma keʻano he Emulsifier i huiʻoihanaʻAmelika e pono ai e hoʻokō, a hiki i nā mea hānai i kēia koi.

② hoʻomākaukau i nā hana hoʻomākaukau a me nā mea nui e hoʻopilikia ana i ka kūpaʻa o nā emlusions

ʻElua mau ala e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā emulsions:ʻO kekahi e hoʻohana i ke ala hana e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai i loko o kahi wai liʻiliʻi e hoʻomākaukau ai i nāʻoihana ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe e hoʻopau i ka wai i loko o keʻano kahe i loko o kekahi wai, a laila e hōʻiliʻili pono ia e hoʻopili pono i nā emulsions.

ʻO ke kūpaʻa o kahi emulsion ka hiki ke hiki i ka hoʻohui anti-partleccication e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana. ʻO nā EMULSIONS he mau'ōnaehana maikaʻiʻole nā'ōnaehana me ka ikaika o ka ikaika. No laila,ʻo ka mea i kapaʻiaʻo ka hopena o kahi emulsion i ka manawa e pono ai no ka'ōnaehana e hōʻea i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o kekahi o nā mea e hiki mai ana.

Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka membrane interfacial me nā momona momona, nā momona momona a me nā momona momona a me nā molaki amprane ikaika kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ma keʻano o ka pākuʻi adsorial e pili ana i nā mollusifis emulifies a me nā alchols a me nā amalo a me nā amalo.

ʻO nā Emulsoifiers e pili ana i nā mea heʻelua ma mua o nā mea heʻelua i kapaʻia e nā emulsifiers like. Hoʻohuiʻia emulsifier adsorbed i ka wai / waiʻaila; hiki i ka hana Intermolecular hiki ke hana i nā paʻakikī. Ma muli o ka hana basedolecular ikaika, ua hōʻemi nuiʻia ka hoʻopaʻapaʻaʻana o ka interfacial, ka nui o ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka interface

ʻO ka mālamaʻana o nā beads wai he nui he hopena nui ma ka paʻaʻana o ka emulsion. Nā emulsions stable, e hoʻopiʻi pinepineʻia nā bead wai. Ke hoʻohanaʻia nei ka Emulsifier Iontic,ʻo ia ka Emulsifier Ion AdSorbed ma ka Interface i ka hui o ka wai i hoʻokomoʻia i loko o ka wai wai E like me nā lei hoʻomana e like me ia, ae pinepine lākou i kekahi,ʻaʻohe mea maʻalahi iā Agglomete, i hoʻonuiʻia ka piʻi. Hiki keʻikeʻia ua ulu nui nei nā poʻe emilsifier i nā beads, ka mea nui loa,ʻo ka mea nui e pale ai i ka'ōnaehana emulasi.

ʻO ka viscosity o ka mea iʻikeʻia i ka manaʻo o ka emulsion i loaʻa i kekahi mana i loaʻa i ka kūpaʻa o ka emulsion. Maʻamau, ke kiʻekiʻe loa o ka autio kalepa o ka hewa, ke kiʻekiʻe loa o ka amultion. ʻO kēia no ka mea,ʻo ka viscosity o ka mea hoʻopiʻi nui loa, he nui ka hopena o ka neʻeʻana o nā bead i waena o nā beads wai ʻO ka maʻamau,ʻo nā mea pokomer e hiki ke hoʻopauʻia i nā amulsions i hiki ke hoʻonui i ka viscosity e hoʻonui i kaʻike. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā polymers ke hoʻokumu i kahi membrane interfacial ikaika, e hana ana i ka'ōnaehana emulsion.

I kekahi mau hihia,ʻo ia ka hoʻohui o ka pauka paʻa hiki ke hana i ka emulsion e hoʻohālikelike ai i keʻano. Aia ka pauka pale i loko o ka wai, ka aila a me ka hoʻopiliʻana, e pili ana i ka waiʻona, akā aia ka wai ma ka wai paʻa i ka wai a me ka wai.

ʻAʻole i hanaʻo ka pauka paʻa i ka amulsion no ka mea i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka memberace i ka membreace, e like me keʻano o ka mea i hoʻopiliʻia i ka mea hoʻopili.

Loaʻa i nā mea hana ke hoʻonui nui i ka palena o ka insoluble a iʻole nā ​​meaʻona wai-sollable wai ma hope o ka hanaʻana i nā micleles ma hope o kēia manawa. Ua kapaʻia kēia hopena o ke micelle i kapaʻiaʻo Solbuilization. ʻO ka mea nāna e hiki i ka mea hana ke kapaʻiaʻo Solbalization i kapaʻiaʻo Solbubilizer, a ua kapaʻia ka mea kūlohelohe i kapaʻiaʻo Solbililized.

ʻewalu

ʻO Fouam e hoʻokani i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana holoi holoi. ʻO Foam kahi'ōnaehana kīnāʻole kahi i hoʻopiliʻia ai kahi kīwī a iʻole ka mea i kapaʻiaʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu, e like me ke aniani i kapaʻiaʻo ia ka waihoʻoluʻu

(1) ka hoʻokumuʻana

E ka foam ua manaʻo mākou ma aneʻi he nui o nā aniani o nā ea i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia e ka membrane wai. Ke kū nei kēiaʻano o ka'ōpala i ka wai wai ma muli o kaʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka nui o keʻano he nui.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka hanaʻana i kahi pōpoki e lawe mai i kahi nui o ke kino i loko o ka wai, a me nā pulupulu i loko o ka wai i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia e ka nui o ka wai.

He mau hiʻohiʻona nui o Foom i nāʻano o ka molamona mahaʻa, he puʻeʻia nā'ōpala o ke kiʻiʻana, i keʻano he kīwī kīwī. ʻO ka lua ka mea e hikiʻole i nā wai wai maʻemaʻe keʻano i ka foam stat, ka wai e hiki ai i ka foam ke hana iʻelua aʻoi aku paha nā'āpana. ʻO nā hopena kūpono e nā mea hana o nā maʻi maʻamau o nā'ōnaehana e pili ana i ka hanauna foom, a me ko lākou hiki ke hana pū i ka foam e pili ana i nā waiwai'ē aʻe.

Ua kapaʻia ka mana o nā mea hana maikaʻi i kapaʻia e kapaʻia nā mea hoʻohana. ʻOiai he kūpono kūpono ka mea leʻaleʻa palupalu i ka waʻa, akāʻaʻole paha e hiki i ka pāpale i ka manawa lōʻihi ke mālama i ka manawa nui,ʻaʻole pono kona paʻa. I mea e mālama ai i ka kaupaha o ka huluhulu, pinepine i ka neʻeʻana i nā mea no ka foume, e hoʻohana ana i ka pākūlepa e hoʻonui i ka pipiu

(2) kūpaʻa o ka foam

ʻO Foam kahi'ōnaehana maikaʻiʻole a me keʻano hope loaʻo ia ka nui o ka wai o ka wai i loko o keʻano o ka'ōnaehana i hoʻopauʻia a ua emi ka ikaika. ʻO ke kaʻina Defoaming ke kaʻina hana e hana ai ka membrane wai e hoʻokaʻawale ana i keʻano o ka mīkini a hiki i ka wā e wāwahi ai. No laila,ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka kūpaʻa o ka foam ka mea i hoʻoholoʻia e ka wikiwiki o ka weheʻana i ka wai wai a me ka ikaika o ke kiʻi o ke kino. ʻO nā mea e pili ana i kēia mea.

nomaʻano hana

(3) ka lukuʻana

ʻO ke kumu nui o ka lukuʻana o ka lukuʻana i ka lukuʻana i nā kūlana e hana ai i ka foam a iʻole e hoʻopau i nāʻano o ka foam, no laila heʻano maʻamau a me keʻano kino a me keʻano kino.

ʻO keʻano o ke kino e hoʻololi ana i nā kūlana o ka hana FAM e mālama ana i nāʻano o keʻano o ka footbani

ʻO keʻano o ke kemika e hoʻohui ai i kekahi mau mea e launa pū me ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka ikaika o ka foom e hoʻokō ai i nā mea hana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hana he mau mea kanu. No laila, e like me keʻano o ka defoanism o ka defoaming, e loaʻa i kahi mea ikaika e hōʻemi ai i nā molowa e pili ana i kaʻaoʻao.

Aia nāʻanoʻano likeʻole o ka dofoamer, akāʻo ke kumu, he mau meaʻole a pauʻole lākou. Loaʻa i nā mea hanaʻole i nā mea aloha anti-anti-foaming e kokoke ana a iʻole ma luna o ko lākou mau ao a hoʻohana pinepineʻia e like me nā mea hoʻowahāwahā. ʻO ALCHOLLS,ʻoi aku ka nui o nā alchols me kahi papa lālā, nā momona momona, a me nā poliama

(4) Foam a me ka holoiʻana

ʻAʻohe mea pili pololei ma waena o ka foam a me ka hoʻohana ponoʻana a me ka nui o ka foam aʻaʻole i hōʻike ka nui o ka foom i ka hopena o ka holoi. ʻO ka laʻana, he mau mea liʻiliʻi loa nā mea i loaʻa i nā mea e liʻiliʻi ai i nā mea kanu iʻoi aku ma mua o nā soaps, akāʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou decodanibrary ma mua o nā soaps.

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka foam ke kōkua i ka weheʻana i ka lepo a me ka grime. ʻO ka laʻana, i ka wā e holoi ai i nā kīʻaha i loko o ka home,ʻo ka pūʻana o ka mea kanu i koho ai i ka lepo lepo, ka lepo paʻa. Ma kahi o nā mea hou aʻe e lilo i kekahi manawa e hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka hōʻikeʻana o ka hana o kahi hoʻoholo. No ka mea he nui nā aila i kaʻaiʻana i ka pūpū o ka'ōpū, i ka wā e ulu nui ai ka foam. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Foam i kekahi manawa e like me kahi hōʻailona o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana o kahi papa, e like me ka nui o ka foam ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka rinsent.

ʻeiwa

Ma kahi ākea ākea,ʻo ka holoiʻana ke kaʻina hana o ka laweʻana i nā mea i makemakeʻoleʻia mai ka mea e holoi a hoʻokō i kekahi kumu. ʻO ka holoiʻana i ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana i ke kaʻina o ka weheʻana i ka lepo mai ka papa o ka mea lawe. I ka holoiʻana, ua neʻeʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka lepo a hoʻopauʻia ka mea lawe i ka hoʻohuiʻana o kekahi mau meaʻaihue. E like me nā mea e holoiʻia a holoiʻia ka lepo,ʻo ia ka holoiʻana o ka holoiʻana a me ke kaʻina hana maʻamau i nā pilina maʻalahi.

Carrie Narler Purt + Detergent = Carrier Gerrrier + Dierler

E hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka hana hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana iʻelua mau wahi;ʻO ka hana mua, ma lalo o ka hana a ka mea i kaʻawale; ʻO ka lua, ua hoʻopiʻiʻia ka lepo i ka lepo a hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o ka medium. ʻO ka kaʻina holoi,ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana hou a me ka lepo i hoʻopauʻia a hoʻokuʻuʻia ma keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o ka mea i holoiʻia. No laila, he pale maikaʻi paha e loaʻa ai ke paʻa i ka lepo a pale i ka lepo a pale aku i ka paleʻana o ka lepo, kahi i hoʻohuiʻia ai i ka lepo mai ke laweʻana.

(1) nāʻano lepo

ʻOiai no ka mea like, keʻano, keʻano a me ka nui o ka lepo e hiki ke loli ma muli o keʻano o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka lepo kino o ke kino he nui i kekahi mau holoholona a me nā ailaʻaila a me nā ailaʻaila ka lepo mai kaʻai, e like me nā hiʻona o nā huaʻai, nā pale e kū ana, starch .; lepo mai nā cosmetics, e like me ka lipssick, niple polish, etc .; lepo mai ka lewa, e like me ka soot, lepo, lepo, mud, etc .; poʻe'ē aʻe, e like me ka ink,'īwī, e pili ana, etc. e hele mai i nāʻano likeʻole.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia nāʻano likeʻole o ka lepo iʻekolu mau'āpana nuiʻekolu: nā lepo lepo, ka lepo lepo a me ka lepo kūikawā.

 

ʻO ka lepo maʻamau i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nāʻeleʻele o ka lehu, lepo, ka honua,'awaʻa a me kaʻeleʻele. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea i loaʻa i kahi uku uila ma luna o ko lākou wahi i luna, ua hoʻopiʻi nuiʻia ka hapa nui o lākou a hiki ke maʻalahi ʻO ka lepo paʻa ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka wai, akā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia a hoʻokuʻuʻia e nā hopena kūpono. ʻO ka lepo paʻa me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻiʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka weheʻana.

② wai lepo lepo

ʻO ka lepo wai he maloʻo nāʻaila maikaʻi, me nā lāʻau kanu a me nā aila momona, nā momona momona a me nā pipi momona a me ko lākou mau ai nā '. I waena o lākou, kanu a me nā aila holoholona a me nā momona alkali, akā hiki ke hōʻemiʻia i ka waini, a me nā mea palaualelo. ʻO ka nui o ka ailaʻailaʻaila i loaʻa i ka ikaika ikaika a me nā mea kīwaha, aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma nā fibers.

③ Paipai kūikawā

Hoʻokomoʻia ka lepo kūikawā i nā proteins, starch, ke koko, e like me ke kanaka e like me ka waimaka a me nā wai momona a me nā wai momona a me nā wai momona a me nā wai momona. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēiaʻano o ka lepo e hiki ke lilo i ka chessically a ikaika loa i nā huahana fiber. Nolaila, ua paʻakikī ia e holoi.

Uaʻike pinepineʻia nāʻanoʻano likeʻole o ka lepo, akā ua hui pinepineʻia a hoʻohui pūʻia a hoʻolahaʻia ma luna o ka mea. Hiki i ka lepo ke hiki i kekahi manawa ke hoʻopauʻia, e hoʻokaʻawaleʻia a hoʻohewaʻia ma lalo o nā mana waho, no ka hanaʻana i ka lepo hou.

(2) a me keʻano o ka lepo

Nā lole, nā lima etc. hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia no ka mea aia kekahiʻanoʻano o keʻano o ka mea a me ka lepo. ʻO ka lepo i nā mea i nāʻano likeʻole o nāʻanoʻano likeʻole, akāʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ke kino kino a me keʻano o nā neʻe.

① a me ka ahu o ka soot, Dust, Mud, MUD a me ke one a me ke kapa a me ke kalaka i ka lole kino. ʻO ka'ōlelo maʻamau, ma waena o ka lepo o ka lepo, aʻo ke kuleana ma waena o ka mea i loaʻa, he nāwaliwali o ka lepo. Wahi a nā mea'ē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia keʻano o ka lepo i loko o ka pānaʻi mechanical a me ka adhesion adtherostatic.

A:ʻO kaʻaeʻana

ʻO kēiaʻano o ka adhesion nui e pili ana i ka adhesion o kekahi mau lepo paʻa (eg, lepo, lepo a me ke one). ʻO ka adathenical adthenicalʻo ia kekahi o nāʻano o nā mea nāwaliwali o ka lepo a hiki ke hoʻoneʻeʻia e ka mīkini maʻemaʻe, akāʻo ka liʻiliʻi he liʻiliʻi (<0.1um),ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka laweʻana.

B:ʻO ka adhesion Electrostatic

Ua hōʻikeʻiaʻo AdtherStatic Adsion Elemedit i ka hana i ka hana i hoʻopiʻiʻia i nā mea i hoʻopiʻiʻia ma nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea liʻiliʻi loa i hoʻopiʻiʻia i ka wai a hiki ke kiʻi maʻalahiʻia e kekahi lepo i hoʻopaʻaʻia e kekahi lepo kūpono, e like me nāʻano lime. ʻO kekahi mau lepo,ʻoiai ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻiʻia, e like me nā meaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i loko o nāʻano he nui.

ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka hana electrostatic ma mua o ka hana mechanical maʻalahi, e hana ana i ka lepo lepo.

②ʻO kaʻehaʻeha

E pili ana i ka amemika e pili ana i ka phenomenon o ka lepo e hana ana i kahi mea e pili ana i kahi mea i loko o ke kumumanaʻo a hydrogen paha. No ka laʻana, ka pale paʻa paʻa, ka protein, ka uila a me nā mea'ē aʻe i loaʻa i ka cartrots futids, he mea maʻalahi a me nā huiʻehā a me nā hui'ē aʻe a me nā hui'ē aʻe a me nā hui'ē aʻe a me nā hui'ē aʻe a me nā hui'ē aʻe a me nā hui'ē aʻe. He ikaika loa nā pūʻali koa i ka lepo aʻo ka lepo e paʻa mauʻia i ka mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka mea. He mea paʻakikī kēiaʻano o ka lepo e hoʻoneʻe i nā hana maʻamau a pono i nāʻano kūikawā e hana ai me ia.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kaʻeha o ka lepo i pili i keʻano o ka lepo ia iho a me keʻano o ke kumu e hoʻopiliʻia ai. ʻO ka maʻamau, nā mea e pili ana i nā mea e pili ana i nā huahana fibrous. ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi i ka helu o ka lepo paʻa,ʻo ka mea ikaika i ka adhesion. Polar lepo ma luna o nā mea hydropphilic e like me ka cotton a me ke aniani e ikaika ana ma mua o ka lepoʻole. ʻAʻole ikaika loa nā lepo lepo Burr-Polar

)

ʻO ke kumu o ka holoi holoiʻana e wehe i ka lepo. I loko o kahi mahana o kekahi mahana (ka wai nui). Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hopena kino a me nā hopena kūpono o ka paleʻana i ka nāwaliwali o ka lepo, e holoi ana i nā mea hana ma lalo.

① Mechanism o ka wai lepo lepo lepo

A: E holoi

ʻO ka wai wai wai ka nui o ka aila. ʻO nāʻailaʻaila i nā mea a me nā mea hou aʻe a pālahalaha paha a liʻiliʻi paha e like me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma luna o kaʻili o keʻano fibrous. ʻO ka hana mua ma ka hana holoi holoiʻiaʻo ia ka holoiʻana o ka wai e ka waiʻauʻau. No keʻano o ka hōʻikeʻana, hiki ke noʻonoʻoʻia kaʻaoʻao o kahi fiber e like me ka papa kūlohelohe.

B

ʻO ka papaʻelua i ka hana holoi holoiʻiaʻo ia ka weheʻana o ka aila a me ka aila, ke laweʻiaʻana o ka lepo wai e loaʻa ai kahiʻano o keʻano o keʻano. ʻO ka lepo wai i hoʻokumu muaʻia ma kaʻaoʻao o keʻano o ke kiʻi o ka aila holoi holoi ma lalo o nā wahi holoi holoiʻia ma lalo o nā'āpana

② Mechanism o ka holoiʻana i ka lepo lepo

ʻO ka weheʻana o ka lepo wai eʻoi aku ka nui o ka holoiʻana o ka mea lawe ma ka holoiʻana i ka lepo o ka lepo o ka lepo. Ma muli o ka hoʻolahaʻana o nā mea hana ma luna o ka lepo paʻa a me kona wahi lawe i ka lepo o ka lepo ma luna o ka lepo.

Eia kekahi,ʻo ka adsorption o nā mea kanu, nui loa, ma luna o ka lepo o ka lepo o ka lepo. ʻO nā mea paʻa a iʻole nā ​​mea e pono ai nā papa o nā wahi i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma ka hoʻolahaʻana i nā mequous a hiki ke hana i nā'āpanaʻelua ma nā papa pālua a iʻole nā ​​papa paʻa. Ma muli o ka repulsion o nā hana homogeneous, ka'ōpū o nā'āpana lepo i loko o ka wai i loko o ka wai i loko o ka wai i nāwaliwali. I ka hoʻohuiʻiaʻana o kahi mea kanu manu

Ua hoʻolahaʻia nā mea hana non-avac ma luna o nā wahi paʻa i hoʻopiʻiʻia aʻoiaiʻaʻole lākou e hoʻololi i ka mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka papa inoa o ka lepo.

I ka hihia o nā mea kanu cantic, e hōʻemi ana i kā lākou adsorption a iʻole e hoʻopau i ka nui o ka lepo a me kona laweʻana i ka lepo Eia hou, ma hope o ka hoʻolahaʻana ma luna o ka papa paʻa, nā mea kanu citanic e hoʻohuli i ka hydrophobic a no lailaʻaʻole ia e holoi.

③ E wehe i nā'āpana kūikawā

ʻO ka proteein, keʻano o ka poʻe kanaka, nāʻuhane o ke kanaka, ka wai momona, ka waimaka a me nā mea'ē aʻe he paʻakikī a e pono ai keʻano kūikawā.

Hoʻokomoʻia ka protein e like me ke aniani, nā hua, koko, waiū a me kaʻili a me kaʻili a loaʻa i ka adhesion ikaika. Hiki ke laweʻia ka hana o ka protein ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka palekana. Ua wāwahiʻia ka pale o ka enzyme i lalo i nā protein i loko o ka lepo i loko o ka wai wai-sollable amino amino a iʻole nā ​​onistoppeptides.

Ua hele mai nā starch i nā meaʻai mai nā meaʻai, nā poʻe'ē aʻe e like me Gravy Etc.ʻO Amylase he hopena o ka Starch.

Lipase Catalyzes ka nānāʻana o nā truglyceres

ʻO kekahi mau'āpana kalaiwa mai nā wai huaʻai, nā waiʻai, e nā mea kūʻai, nā mea kūʻai, lipstick etc. Hiki ke laweʻia kēia mau pā i kahi hopena redox me ka oxidizing a iʻole ka hōʻemiʻana i nā hui o ke kala a iʻole nā ​​mea hana kalapu.

(4) E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka weheʻana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe

ʻO ka mea ma luna no ka wai e like me ka mea holoi holoi. I kaʻoiaʻiʻo, no kaʻano o nā lole a me keʻano,ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka neʻeʻana, me ka holoiʻana; I ka holoiʻanaʻana i nā huahana Wool Vanonnige Shlenization ʻO kekahi mau siliki lima lima e hoʻohuli i ka maikaʻi ma hope o ka holoiʻana a nalowale i ko lākou luster. No ka hoʻohana pinepineʻia kēia mau kapa i ka hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo e wehe ai. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo maloʻo nui i ka hana holoi holoiʻana i nā mea mālama organic

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo,ʻo ia kahiʻano hoʻomaha o ka holoiʻana ma mua o ka holoiʻana o ka wai. No ka mea,ʻo ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo,ʻaʻole pono e hana i ka hana mechanical,ʻaʻole ia e hōʻino, a me ka nānāʻana i ka wai,ʻaʻole e hana i ka wai,ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai. I ka lōʻihi e like me ka hanaʻana i kaʻenehana, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia nā lole me kaʻole o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana, me keʻano o ke ola a me ke ola.

I nā'ōlelo o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo, heʻekolu mauʻano ākea o ka lepo.

①il-stolble dirt i nā lepoʻailaʻailaʻaila e pili ana i nāʻano o nā aila a me nā lau,ʻo ia ka wai a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia a hiki ke hoʻopauʻia i ka maloʻo maloʻo.

ʻO ka'ōpala wai -wahi-sollable lepo lepo wai i loko o nā hoʻonā aqueous, akāʻaʻole i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lole ma hope o keʻano o nā hale kanu, scach

③OIL a me nā wai momona momona a me nā wai momona a me ka waiʻonaʻole e hoʻomoʻa i ka maloʻo, a me nā'alaʻulaʻula, etc.

Ma muli o keʻano likeʻole o nāʻano likeʻole o ka lepo, he mauʻano likeʻole o ka hemoʻana i ka lepo i ka kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO nā'āpana-momona-sollable, e like me nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu meaʻai, nā lau melemele a me nā mea kanu a hiki ke laweʻia ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO ka pono maikaʻi loa o ka holoi holoi maloʻo no nā aila a me nā mea kanu a me nā greats e hele mai ana mai nā ban fens i waena o nā molena.

No ka weheʻana i ka lepo wai-wai e like me nā meaʻala a me nā pale,ʻo ka waiʻona, he mea paʻakikī ka nui o ka wai. Akā, paʻakikī ka wai e hoʻopau i ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo, no laila e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka wai, pono hoʻi e hoʻohui i nā mea hana. Hiki i ke alo o ka wai i ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo ke hana i ka wai o ka lepo a me ka lole lole e pili ana i ka hoʻolahaʻana o nā mea hana. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e hana ai nā mea hana i nā micelles, nā lepo wai-wai a me ka wai i hiki ke hoʻololiʻia i loko o nā micelles. Ma kahi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i kaʻike o ka wai o ka holoi holoi maloʻo, hiki ke pāʻani i kahi hana i keʻano o ka lepo e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka lepo.

Pono ka heleʻana o ka wai liʻiliʻi e wehe i ka lepo wai, akāʻo ka wai nui e hiki ai i nā lole o ka lāʻau maloʻo.

Lepoʻaʻole ia he wai waiʻole a iʻole nā ​​meaʻala a me nāʻili a me nā'ōpū a me ka huluhulu a me ka hui pūʻana me ka aila. I ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo, ke kahe o ka hopena, hiki i nā mea maʻi ke hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka lole o ka lepo i ka lole.

(5) nā mea nui e pili ana i ka hana holoiʻana

ʻO ka adsorping o nā mea hana i nā mea kanu ma ka interface a me ka hoʻemiʻana o ka pā Eia nō naʻe, he paʻakikī ke kaʻina holoi holoi a me ka hopena holoi, me kaʻano hana likeʻole, ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia e nā mea'ē aʻe. Hoʻokomo kēia mau mea i ka neʻe o keʻano, ka malu ka malu, keʻano o ka papa, a me keʻano o ka lole.

①ʻO ka nānāʻana ma luna

ʻO nā micelles o nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻonāʻana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi ma ka hana holoi holoiʻana. I ka manawa i hiki ai ke loaʻaʻana o ka meaʻike No laila,ʻoi aku ka hoʻokūkū o ka paleʻana i ka pānaʻi iʻoi aku ma mua o ka waiwai Cmc e loaʻa kahi hopena hoʻomaha maikaʻi. Eia naʻe, i ka wā i kiʻekiʻeʻia ai ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana o nā mea hana he kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka waiwai o ka cmc,ʻaʻole pono e hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka holoiʻana.

Ke weheʻana i ka aila ma ka hoʻoponoponoʻana, e hoʻonuiʻia ka hopena o ka solutublization me ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka mea e hoʻonui nei,ʻoiai ke nānā aku nei ka mea i luna o cmc. I kēia manawa, he mea kūpono ia e hoʻohana i ka detergent ma kahiʻano kūloko kūloko. ʻO keʻano, inā nui ka lepo i ka'ōpala a me ka color o kahi lole, hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻohemoʻana i kaʻaiʻana i ka aila.

ʻO ②EMPPOPER kahi mana koʻikoʻi nui loa ma ka hana decontamition. Ma ka laulā, hoʻonui i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka mahana i ka weheʻana o ka lepo, akā i kekahi manawa kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumu e hiki ai i nā mahana ke kumu i loaʻa ai nā pōʻino.

ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka mahana i keʻano o ka lepo,ʻo ka momona solid i hoʻopauʻia ma nā mahana e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka lepo. Akā,

Hoʻohālikelike ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hopena i ka pānaʻi, cmc waiwai a me ka nui o ka miclele a me ka nui o nā mea kanu, no laila e pili ana i ka hopena holoi. ʻO ka palena o nā mea e pili ana i nā pale me nā kaulahao lōʻihi e haʻahaʻa loa ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a he haʻahaʻa paha ka pauʻana o ka cmc. ʻO ka hopena o ka mahana ma ka helu cmc a me ka nui o ka miclele heʻokoʻa no ka mea i kapaʻoleʻia a me nā meaʻonaʻole. No ka mea aloha aloha, hoʻonuiʻia ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka mahana i ka waiwai cmc a hoʻemi i ka nui o ka micle,ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻonuiʻia ai ka hopena o ka uila. No nā mea hanaʻole,ʻaʻole e hoʻonui i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka mahana i kahi haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻonui nuiʻana i ka nui o ka mahana i ka mahana. Akā naʻe,ʻaʻole pono ka mahana eʻoi aku ma mua o kona ao.

I ka pōkole, e pili ana ka wela o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hana i ka hana e pale ai a holoiʻia ka mea. Loaʻa i kekahi mau mea hana i kahi hopena maikaʻi loa i ka mahana o ka lumi,ʻoiai he mau mea'ē aʻe i waena o ka holoiʻana ma waena o ka maloʻo a me ka holoiʻana.

③ Famam

He mea maʻamau ia e pale i ka mana o ka hoʻopiliʻana me ka holoi holoiʻana, e manaʻoʻiʻo ana i nā pale me ka hoʻomaha maikaʻiʻana i kaʻai maikaʻi. Ua hōʻike mai ka noiʻiʻanaʻaʻohe mea pili pololei ma waena o ka hopena holoi a me ka nui o ka foam. No ka laʻana,ʻaʻole e emi iki me ka holoiʻana i nā pale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa

ʻOiai e pili ana anaʻo Folaam i ka holoiʻana, he mau hanana i ka wā e kōkua ai e kiola i ka lepo, i ka holoiʻana i ka lepo ma ka lima. I ka wā e lawe ai i nā carpbbbing, hiki i ka feam ke lawe aku i ka lepo a me nā mea kanu lāʻau lapaʻau no ka lepo

He mea nui ka mana o ka mana no Shampoos, kahi e laweʻia ai ka pūnāwai maikaʻi i ka wā o Shamporing a iʻole ka holoiʻana i nā lauoho

④ Suriaries o nā fibers a me nā mea pili kino o nā puke

Ma kahi o keʻano o keʻano o nā fibers e pili ana i ka adheson a lawe i ka lepo a me ka lole o ka huaʻai a me ka lole o ka holoiʻana o ka holoiʻana o ka lepo.

ʻO nā'āpana o nā pōpoki huluhulu a me nā pale kīwī i kālaiʻia o nā poli cotton e hōʻiliʻili i ka lepo ma mua o nā pulupulu. No ka laʻana, ua paʻaʻo Carbon i ka lole i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma nā kiʻi kīkēʻoi aku ka maʻalahi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona'ē aʻe i nā lole pōkole pōkole i hanaʻia e ka polyester e hoʻopiʻi hou i nā lole lole lōʻihi e wehe i nā lole lōʻihi.

ʻO nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia a paʻa i nā lole, ma muli o ka wai liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā first

⑤ paʻakikī o ka wai

Ka nānāʻana o ca2 +, mg2 + a me nā mea kilokilo nui ma ka wai i ka hopena o ka wai a me nā manik. Ma ka wai paʻakikī,ʻoiai inā he kiʻekiʻe o ka heʻeʻana,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻonohonohoʻana. No ka mea, he mea hana ka mea kanu i ka hopena holoi maikaʻi loa,ʻo keʻano o ka ca2 + o'a me ka wai / l Pono kēia i ka hoʻohuiʻana o nā mea hana'ē aʻe i ka mea hana.


Post Time: Feb-25-2022