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Hoʻolauna i nā Surfactants
Loaʻa i nā surfactants kahi ʻano molekole amphiphilic: aia kekahi ʻaoʻao he pūʻulu hydrophilic, i kapa ʻia ʻo ke poʻo hydrophilic, aʻo kekahi ʻaoʻao he pūʻulu hydrophobic, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka huelo hydrophobic. ʻO ke poʻo hydrophilic hiki i nā surfactants ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai i ko lākou ʻano monomer.
He hui polar ka hui hydrophilic, hiki ke lilo i hui carboxyl (-COOH), he hui waikawa sulfonic (-SO3H), pūʻulu amino (-NH2), nā amine a me kā lākou mau paʻakai, pūʻulu hydroxyl (-OH), pūʻulu amide, a i ʻole nā loulou ether (-O-) e like me nā laʻana o nā pūʻulu hydrophilic polar.
ʻO ka pūʻulu hydrophobic ka mea maʻamau he kaulahao hydrocarbon non-polar, e like me nā kaulahao alkyl hydrophobic (R- no ka alkyl) a i ʻole nā hui ʻala (Ar- no aryl).
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā surfactants i loko o nā surfactants ionic (me ka cationic a me ka anionic surfactants), non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, mixed surfactants, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I loko o nā haʻina surfactant, i ka wā e piʻi ai ka neʻe ʻana o ka surfactant i kekahi waiwai, e hoʻokumu ʻia nā molekala surfactant i nā ʻano hui like ʻole i ʻike ʻia he micelles. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka micellization, a i ʻole ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka micelle, he waiwai koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ia o nā haʻina surfactant, no ka mea, pili nā ʻano mea koʻikoʻi interfacial i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā micelles.
ʻO ka manaʻo i hana ʻia e nā surfactants i nā micelles i ka hopena i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). ʻAʻole paʻa nā micelles, nā hale spherical; akā, hōʻike lākou i ke ʻano like ʻole a me nā loli ʻano ikaika. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki i nā surfactants ke hōʻike i nā kūlana micelle hoʻohuli.
Nā mea e hoʻopili ai i ka CMC:
- Hoʻonohonoho o ka surfactant
- Ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻohui
- Ka wela
Nā pilina ma waena o nā Surfactants a me nā Proteins
Loaʻa nā pūʻulu polar, polar, a me nā pūʻulu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a he nui nā molekala amphiphilic hiki ke launa pū me nā protein ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Ma muli o nā kūlana, hiki i nā surfactants ke hana i nā molecular organized aggregates me nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e like me nā micelles a i ʻole nā micelles hoʻohuli, e launa like me nā protein.
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā protein a me nā surfactant (Protein-Surfactant, PS) pili nui i nā pilina electrostatic a me nā pilina hydrophobic. Hoʻopili nā Ionic surfactants me nā protein ma o nā mana electrostatic o ka hui polar a me nā pilina hydrophobic o ke kaula kalapona aliphatic, e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā ʻāpana polar a me ka hydrophobic o ka protein, no laila e hana ai i nā paʻakikī PS.
ʻO nā surfactants non-ionic e launa pū me nā protein ma o nā ikaika hydrophobic, kahi e launa pū ai nā kaulahao hydrophobic me nā ʻāpana hydrophobic o nā protein. Hiki i ka pilina ke hoʻopili i ka hana a me ka hana o ka surfactant a me ka protein. No laila, ʻo ke ʻano a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā surfactants, me ka pōʻaiapili kaiapuni, e hoʻoholo inā hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopau paha nā surfactants i nā protein, a me ka paipai ʻana i ka hoʻohui a i ʻole ka hoʻopuehu ʻana.
HLB Waiwai o Surfactants
No ka surfactant e hōʻike i kāna hana interfacial kū hoʻokahi, pono ia e kaulike i nā ʻāpana hydrophobic a me hydrophilic. ʻO ka HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) kahi ana o ke koena hydrophilic-lipophilic o nā surfactants a lilo i mea hōʻailona o nā waiwai hydrophilic a me nā waiwai hydrophobic.
He waiwai pili ka waiwai HLB (mai 0 a 40). No ka laʻana, loaʻa ka waiwai HLB o ka paraffin o 0 (ʻaʻohe mea hydrophilic), ʻo ka polyethylene glycol ka waiwai HLB o 20, a ʻo ka SDS hydrophilic nui (sodium dodecyl sulfate) he waiwai HLB o 40. Hiki i ka waiwai HLB ke lilo i kuhikuhi alakaʻi i ke koho ʻana i nā surfactants. Hōʻike ka waiwai HLB kiʻekiʻe i ka hydrophilicity ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, aʻo ka waiwai HLB haʻahaʻa e hōʻike ana i ka hydrophilicity ʻilihune.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-10-2024