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Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana ola o nā kānaka, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia nā koi o nā mea kūʻai aku no ka meaʻai i ka waiwai kūpono kūpono, akā koi pū kekahi i ka meaʻai e loaʻa ka maikaʻi ʻoluʻolu i nā hiʻohiʻona sensory e like me ke ʻano, ka waihoʻoluʻu, ka ʻala, ka ʻono, viscosity, freshness, etc.

ʻO nā Emulsifiers, e like me nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, pāʻani nui i ka ʻoihana meaʻai. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o ka hana o nā emulsifiers!

Emulsion

ʻO ka emulsion maʻamau i loko o ka meaʻai ka wai a i ʻole ka hopena wai, i hui pū ʻia ʻo ka hydrophilic phase; ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe he pae kūlohelohe i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka wai, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka lipophilic phase. ʻElua mau wai immiscible, e like me ka wai a me ka ʻaila, hiki ke hana i ʻelua ʻano emulsions ke hui ʻia, ʻo ia ka wai i loko o ka ʻaila (O/W) a me ka wai i loko o ka ʻaila (W/O) emulsions.

I loko o ka wai i loko o ka ʻaila emulsion, ua hoʻopuehu ʻia ka ʻaila e like me nā kulu liʻiliʻi i loko o ka wai, me nā kulu aila ma ke ʻano he dispersing a me ka wai ma ke ʻano o ka dispersing medium. No ka la'ana, he emulsion O/W ka waiu bipi; I loko o ka wai i loko o ka aila emulsions, ka mea kū'ē. Hoʻopuehu ʻia ka wai ma ke ʻano he mau kulu liʻiliʻi i loko o ka ʻaila, me ka wai ma ke ʻano hoʻopuehu a me ka ʻaila ma ke ʻano hoʻopuehu. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka pata artificial kahi ʻano o ka emulsion W/O.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana o nā emulsifiers

ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe meaʻai, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he surfactants, he mau mea ia e hoʻohuli ai i nā wai hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i mau ʻāpana like ʻole (emulsions). Ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka ʻāʻī ma waena o ka ʻaila a me ka wai, e ʻae ana i nā aila immiscible (hydrophobic substances) a me ka wai (hydrophilic substances) e hana i nā emulsion paʻa e like me nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai.

Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hana nā emulsifiers i kahi ʻāpana molekala lahilahi ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke ʻano repulsive, e hōʻemi ana i ka ikehu manuahi o ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa a hana i nā pilina hou. He mau pūʻulu hana hydrophilic a me ka oleophilic emulsifier, hiki iā ia ke adsorb ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaila a me ka wai, e hana ana i kahi ʻāpana molekala lahilahi a hoʻemi i ka ʻāʻī interfacial ma waena o nā pae ʻelua. ʻO ia hoʻi, aia ka ʻaoʻao oleophilic o ka mole ʻaila a me ka emulsifier ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, a aia ka ʻāpana hydrophilic o ka mole wai a me ka emulsifier ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻololi kēia pilina ma waena o nā mea ʻelua i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāʻī waena;

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma ka hana ʻana i kahi papa adsorption pale ma ka ʻili o ka droplet, hāʻawi ia i ka droplet me ka paʻa spatial ikaika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā emulsifiers i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka emi ʻana o ka haʻalulu interfacial. ʻAe kēia i nā mea immiscible mua e hui like ʻia, e hana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana homogeneous dispersed e hoʻololi i ke kūlana kino maoli, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke ʻano o loko o ka meaʻai a hoʻonui i kona ʻano.
Waiwai kaulike hydrophilic a me oleophilic

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hana nā emulsifiers me ka hydrophilicity ikaika i nā emulsions aila/wai, aʻo nā emulsifiers me ka hydrophilicity ikaika e hana i nā emulsions wai/ʻaila. No ka hōʻike ʻana i ke koena hydrophilic a lipophilic o nā emulsifiers, hoʻohana mau ʻia ka waiwai HLB (hydrophilic lipophilic balance value), a hoʻohana ʻia ka waiwai HLB e hōʻike i ka hydrophilicity o nā emulsifiers. Aia nā ʻano helu helu no ka waiwai HLB,

ʻO ke kumu ʻokoʻa: HLB=hydrophilicity of hydrophilic group - hydrophobicity of lipophilic group

Kumu ratio: HLB=hydrophilicity of hydrophilic group/hydrophobicity of oleophilic group

Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka waiwai HLB o kēlā me kēia emulsifier e nā ʻano hoʻokolohua. No nā emulsifiers me 100% lipophilicity, ʻo ko lākou HLB he 0 (i hōʻike ʻia e ka paraffin wax), a no ka poʻe me 100% hydrophilicity, ko lākou HLB he 20 (hōʻike ʻia e ka potassium oleate), i māhele ʻia i 20 mau ʻāpana like e hōʻike i ka ikaika o ko lākou hydrophilicity a me ka oleophilicity. ʻO ka nui o ka waiwai HLB, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hydrophilicity, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiwai HLB, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka oleophilicity.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā emulsifier edible he surfactants non-ionic me nā koina HLB mai ka 0 a hiki i ka 20. Hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai HLB like ʻole a me nā waiwai pili o nā emulsifier non-ionic i ka papa; He 0-40 ka waiwai o ka HLB o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ionic. No laila, he lipophilic ka nui o nā emulsifiers me nā waiwai HLB<10, aʻo nā emulsifiers me nā waiwai HLB ≥ 10 he mau hiʻohiʻona hydrophilic.

No nā emulsifiers hui pū ʻia, loaʻa i kā lākou mau waiwai HLB nā waiwai hoʻohui. No laila, i ka hui ʻana a hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā emulsifiers, hiki ke helu ʻia ka waiwai HLB o ka emulsifier hui ʻia ma muli o ka hakina nui o kēlā me kēia emulsifier i kona haku ʻana:

HLBa,b =HLBa·A%+HLBb·B%

I loko o ka papa kuhikuhi,

HLBa, b ka waiwai HLB o ka emulsifier a, b hui pu ia;

ʻO HLBa a me HLBb nā waiwai HLB o nā emulsifiers a me b, kēlā me kēia;

ʻO A% a me B% ka pākēneka o nā mea o ka a a me ka b i loko o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe hui ʻia, i kēlā me kēia (pili kēia ʻano i nā emulsifiers non-ionic).
ʻO nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau a me nā mea hoʻohālikelike o nā emulsifiers

ʻEhā mau ʻano no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā emulsifier, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano gel maloʻo, ke ʻano gel pulu, ke ʻano hui ʻana o ka ʻaila-wai, a me ke ʻano mechanical.

ʻO ke ʻano gel maloʻo, e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wai i kahi pae ʻaila i loaʻa nā emulsifiers. I ka wā o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, hui pū ʻia ka pauka (emulsifier) ​​me ka aila, hoʻohui ʻia kahi nui o ka wai, lepo a emulsified i colostrum, a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai i ka nui piha.

ʻO ke ʻano gel pulu, e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻaila i loko o kahi pae wai i loaʻa nā emulsifiers. I ka wā hoʻomākaukau, hoʻoheheʻe mua ʻia ka gel (emulsifier) ​​i ka wai e hana i kahi slurry e like me ka pae wai. A laila, hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila i ka pae wai i nā pae, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i colostrum, a hoʻohui ʻia ka wai i ka nui piha.

E hoʻohui i ka ʻaila a me ka wai a hoʻohui iā lākou i ka emulsifier, e hui pū i kahi nui o ka aila a me ka wai. E wili i ka ʻaila Arab i loko o ka pahū, a laila e wili koke i ka hui ʻaila-wai i colostrum, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā emulsifiers e pili ana i ka emulsifying ʻelua wai, a ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka emulsification he hopena nui i ka maikaʻi o ka emulsion.

ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka emulsification ʻo ka nui o ka ʻāʻī o ka interfacial, viscosity a me ka mahana, ka manawa emulsification, a me ka nui o ka emulsifier i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO nā emulsifiers hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka ʻāʻī o ke alo ke koho ʻia; ʻO ka mahana emulsification kūpono loa no nā emulsifiers ma kahi o 70 ℃. Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants non-ionic e like me nā emulsifiers, ʻaʻole pono ka mahana emulsification ma mua o ko lākou wela kiʻekiʻe; ʻOi aku ka nui o nā emulsifiers i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka emulsion i hana ʻia.

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