Mea hoʻoheheʻe
| No ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kekahi mau mea paʻa i ka wai, i ka wā e loaʻa ai kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau mea paʻa i ka nui i loko o kahi wai wai, hiki iā lākou ke waiho i loko o ka wai i loko o kahi kūlana emulsified ma lalo o ka hoʻoulu ʻana e ka hydraulic a i ʻole ka mana waho, e hana ana i kahi emulsion. Theoretically ʻaʻole paʻa kēia ʻōnaehana, akā inā aia kekahi mau surfactants (nā ʻāpana lepo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), e hana koʻikoʻi loa ka emulsification state, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻelua he paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka hui ʻana o ka aila-wai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka aila-wai a me ka hui ʻana o ka wai-ʻaila i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻelua e hana i kahi ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka ʻaila-i loko o ka wai a i ʻole ka wai uila. papa hana". I kēia hihia, hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau mea hana e hoʻopau i ka ʻōnaehana bilayer uila paʻa e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana emulsification i hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā pae ʻelua. ʻO kēia mau mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokō i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka emulsification i kapa ʻia he emulsion breakers. |
Nā noi nui
| Demulsifier mea he surfactant mea, e hiki ke hana i ka emulsion-e like me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe 'ia luku, i mea e hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka emulsion i ka hoʻokaʻawale 'ana i nā mea likeʻole. ʻO ka deemulsification aila kino e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena kemika o ka emulsion breaking agent e haʻalele i ka aila a me ka wai i loko o ka hui ʻaila-wai emulsified e hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka dehydration aila, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka maʻamau o ka ʻaila ʻaila wai maʻamau no ka lawe ʻana i waho. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻana o nā ʻāpana organik a me ka wai, kekahi o nā ala maʻalahi a maikaʻi loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka demulsifier e hoʻopau i ka emulsification e hana i kahi interface emulsified me kahi ikaika e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā pae ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā demulsifier like ʻole i ka hiki ke wāwahi emulsion no ka māhele organik, a ʻo ka hana ʻana o ia mea pili pono i ka hopena hoʻokaʻawale ʻelua. Ma ke kaʻina hana penicillin, he hana koʻikoʻi ka unuhi ʻana i ka penicillin mai ka hupa fermentation penicillin me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe (e like me ka butyl acetate). No ka mea, ʻo ka broth fermentation ka paʻakikī o nā protein, sugars, mycelium, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo ka pilina ma waena o nā mea kūlohelohe a me ka wai i ka wā o ka unuhi ʻana, a ʻo ka ʻāpana emulsification o kekahi ikaika, he hopena nui i ka hua o nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia. |
Mea hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau - ʻO kēia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe non-ionic nui i hoʻohana mau ʻia ma ka pā aila.
SP-type Demulsifier
| ʻO ka mea nui o ka SP-type emulsion breaker he polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, ʻo ke kumu hoʻolālā kumu ʻo R(PO)x(EO)y(PO)zH, kahi: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; R-aliphatic waiʻona; x, y, z-polymerization degere.ʻO ka SP-type demulsifier ke ʻano o ka paʻi melemele māmā, ka waiwai HLB o 10 ~ 12, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka demulsifier SP-type non-ionic demulsifier ma luna o ka ʻaila koʻikoʻi ma ka paraffin. ʻO kāna ʻāpana hydrophobic aia nā kalapona 12 ~ 18 hydrocarbon kaulahao, a ʻo kāna hui hydrophilic he hydrophilic ma o ka hana o hydroxyl (-OH) a me nā pūʻulu eter (-O-) i loko o ka mole a me ka wai e hana i nā paʻa hydrogen. Ma muli o ka hydrophilic nāwaliwali nā pūʻulu hydroxyl a me nā ether, hoʻokahi a ʻelua wale nō hydroxyl a i ʻole nā hui ether ʻaʻole hiki ke huki i ka hui hydrophobic o carbon 12 ~ 18 kaulahao hydrocarbon i loko o ka wai, pono e ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi hui hydrophilic e hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka solubility wai. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka molecular demulsifier non-ionic, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kaulahao mole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hydroxyl a me nā pūʻulu etera i loko, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona mana huki, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka demulsifying hiki o nā emulsions ʻaila. ʻO ke kumu ʻē aʻe i kūpono ai ka SP demulsifier no ka aila ʻaila paraffin-based, ʻaʻole i loaʻa a liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi paha nā mea lipophilic surfactant a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. No ka aila maʻemaʻe me ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe a me ka asphaltene (a i ʻole ka nui o ka wai ma mua o 20%), ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka demulsifying hiki o SP-type demulsifier ma muli o ke ʻano molekala hoʻokahi, ʻaʻohe ʻano kaulahao lālā a me ke ʻano ʻono. |
AP-ʻano Demulsifier
| ʻO ka demulsifier ʻano AP he polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether me ka polyethylene polyamine ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka, he mea hoʻoheheʻe nonionic ʻano lālā he nui me ke ʻano molecular structure: D(PO)x(EO)y(PO)zH, kahi: EO - polyoxyethylene; PO - polyoxypropylene; R - waiʻona momona; D - polyethylene amine: x, y, z - degere o ka polymerization. AP-type structure demulsifier no ka paraffin-based crude oil demulsification, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena ma mua o ka SP-type demulsifier, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka ʻaila ʻaila wai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 20% o ka ʻaila demulsifier, a hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hopena demulsifying wikiwiki ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Inā hoʻoponopono ka SP-type demulsifier a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka emulsion i loko o 55 ~ 60 ℃ a me 2h, pono wale ka AP-type demulsifier e hoʻoponopono a hoʻopau i ka emulsion i loko o 45 ~ 50 ℃ a me 1.5h. ʻO kēia ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka molekele demulsifier AP-type. ʻO ka polyethylene polyamine ka mea hoʻomaka e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka mole: lōʻihi ke kaulahao mole a me ka lālā, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hydrophilic ma mua o ka SP-type demulsifier me kahi ʻano molekala hoʻokahi. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kaulahao multi-branched e hoʻoholo i ka AP-type demulsifier he kiʻekiʻe ka wettability a me ka permeability, i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka aila ʻaila, hiki i nā molekala demulsifier AP-type ke komo koke i ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻaila-wai, ma mua o ka SP-type demulsifier mole o ka hoʻonohonoho kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kū hoʻokahi e noho i kahi o ka ʻili, no laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena, ʻike ʻia ka hopena emulsion. I kēia manawa, ʻo kēia ʻano demulsifier ʻo ia ka demulsifier non-ionic maikaʻi i hoʻohana ʻia ma Daqing oilfield. |
AE-type Demulsifier
| ʻO ka demulsifier ʻano AE he polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether me ka polyethylene polyamine ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka, ʻo ia kahi ʻano lālā nui o ka surfactant nonionic. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me AP-type demulsifier, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ʻo ka demulsifier ʻano AE he polymer ʻelua-pae me nā molela liʻiliʻi a me nā kaulahao lālā pōkole. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike molekalale: D(PO)x(EO)yH, kahi: EO - polyoxyethylene: PO - polyoxypropylene: D - polyethylene polyamine; x, y - degere o ka polymerization. ʻOiai he ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻāpana molekala o AE-type demulsifier a me AP-type demulsifier, akā like ke ʻano o ka molekala, aia wale nō i ka ʻokoʻa monomer dosage a me ka polymerization order. (1) ʻelua non-ionic demulsifier i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka synthesis, ʻokoʻa ke poʻo a me ka huelo o ka nui o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi o nā molekala polymerization. (2) AP-type demulsifier mole he bipartite, me ka polyethylene polyamine e like me ka mea hoʻomaka, a me ka polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization e hana i nā copolymers poloka: AE-type demulsifier mole he bipartite, me ka polyethylene polyamine e like me ka mea hoʻomaka, a me ka polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization, no laila, ka polyoxypropylene design two-type. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka molekele demulsifier ma mua o ka molekele demulsifier ʻano AE. ʻO ke ʻano AE he ʻelua-ʻanuʻu multi-branch structure crude oil demulsifier, i hoʻopili ʻia hoʻi i ka demulsification o nā emulsions asphaltene crude oil. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka lipophilic surfactant ma ka bituminous crude aila, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ikaika viscous, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ʻaila a me ka wai wai, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e demulsify ka emulsion. Hoʻohana ʻia ka demulsifier ʻano AE no ka hoʻopau wikiwiki ʻana i ka emulsion, a i ka manawa like, ʻo ka AE-type demulsifier ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi anti-wax viscosity reducer. Ma muli o ka nui o nā lālā o nā molekala, he mea maʻalahi loa ka hana ʻana i nā ʻupena liʻiliʻi, no laila e hāʻule nā kelika o ka paraffin i hana ʻia i loko o kēia mau ʻupena, e pale i ka neʻe ʻana o nā kristal paraffin hoʻokahi a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili kekahi i kekahi, e hana ana i ka ʻupena ʻupena o ka paraffin, e hōʻemi i ka viscosity a me ka pae maloʻo o ka ʻaila crude a pēlā e pale ai i ke kumu o ka wax. anti-wax. |
AR-type demulsifier
| Hana ʻia ʻo AR-type demulsifier me ka alkyl phenolic resin (AR resin) a me ka polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene a me kahi ʻano hou o ka aila-soluble non-ionic demulsifier, HLB waiwai ma kahi o 4 ~ 8, haʻahaʻa demulsifying wela o 35 ~ 45 ℃. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike molekala: AR(PO)x(EO)yH, kahi: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; AR-resin; x, y, z-degere o ka polymerization.I ke kaʻina hana o ka synthesizing demulsifier, hana ʻo AR resin ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka a komo i ka mole o ka demulsifier e lilo i pūʻulu lipophilic. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka AR-type demulsifier: ʻaʻole nui ka mole, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻaila solidification ma mua o 5 ℃ he maikaʻi ka dissolution, diffusion, penetration effect, wikiwiki emulsified water droplets flocculation, agglomeration. Hiki iā ia ke wehe i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o ka wai mai ka ʻaila ʻaila me ka ʻike wai o 50% ~ 70% ma lalo o 45 ℃ a me 45 min e wehe i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o ka wai mai ka ʻaila ʻaila me ka wai o 50% a 70%, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me SP-type a me AP-type demulsifier. |
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-22-2022