ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokahi māhele o ka emulsion ka wai a i ʻole ka hopena wai, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka aqueous phase; ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe he ʻano organik kahi immiscible me ka wai, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pae ʻaila.

1 、 Hoʻokaʻawale

ʻEkolu kaʻina hoʻokaʻawale:

1. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke kumu: nā huahana kūlohelohe a me nā huahana synthetic;

2. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke kaumaha mole: nā mea hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (c10-c20) a me nā emulsifiers molecular kiʻekiʻe (c tausani);

3. E like me ka mea hiki i ka ionize i ka aqueous solution, hiki ke maheleia i ka ionic type (anions, cations, and anions and cations) a me ka non-ionic type.

ʻO kēia ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.

 

2、 Ka hana a me ke kumu o nā emulsifiers

ʻO ka hana nui o nā emulsifiers ʻo ia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ʻili o ka ʻili o nā wai ʻelua e emulsified. No laila, ke hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants ma ke ʻano he emulsifiers, hoʻopili kekahi hopena o kā lākou hui hydrophobic ma luna o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana wai hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (e like me ka aila), aʻo ka hui hydrophilic e hoʻonui i ka wai. Surfactants ua directionally hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma luna o ka ili o ka wai particles e hana i ka hydrophilic adsorption film (interfacial film), i mea e ho'ēmi i ka like attraction ma waena o droplets, ho'ēmi i ka ili o ka 'ili ma waena o elua mahele, a paipai i kekahi dispersion e hana emulsions.

Loaʻa ka hopena o ka surfactant i ka ikaika o ka mask facial interfacial. Me ka noʻonoʻo kiʻekiʻe, nui nā molekala surfactant i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka interface, e hana ana i kahi mask facial interface paʻa a ikaika.

Loaʻa i nā emulsifier nā hopena emulsification ʻokoʻa, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka nui e pono ai e hoʻokō i ka hopena emulsification maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika molekala o ka emulsifier e hana i ka pale maka palena, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka lotion; ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikaika kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a ʻoi aku ka paʻa ʻole o ka emulsion.

Ke loaʻa nā molekole polar organic e like me ka waiʻona momona, ka momona momona a me ka amine momona i ka mask facial, hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka ikaika o ka membrane. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hui ʻana o nā molekala emulsifier me nā molekole polar e like me ka waiʻona, ka waikawa a me ka amine i ka papa adsorption interface e hana i kahi paʻakikī, e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika o ka mask facial interface.

ʻO ka emulsifier i haku ʻia i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua surfactants he emulsifier hui ʻia. Ma muli o ka pilina ikaika ma waena o nā molekala, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka ʻāʻī o ka interfacial, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka emulsifier adsorbed ma ka interface, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka density a me ka ikaika o ka interfacial facial mask i hoʻokumu ʻia.

I ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka emulsion, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ke ʻano o ka interfacial ma waena o ka aila a me ka wai ma muli o ke komo ʻana o nā surfactants, a lilo ia i emulsion paʻa. Eia nō naʻe, aia nō ka ʻaila-wai interfacial tension i ka emulsion ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻea i ka zero ma muli o ka CMC a i ʻole nā ​​palena solubility. No laila, ʻo ka lotion kahi ʻōnaehana thermodynamic unstable.

ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma waena o ka ʻaila a me ka wai o ka micro emulsion ʻaʻole hiki ke ana ʻia. He ʻōnaehana kūpaʻa thermodynamic. Loaʻa ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano ʻelua o ka surfactant me nā waiwai ʻokoʻa loa (e like me nā ʻawaʻawa liʻiliʻi e like me ka pentanol, hexanol, a me heptanol, i kapa ʻia ʻo co surfactants), hiki ke hoʻemi hou i ka ʻāʻī o ke alo i kahi pae liʻiliʻi loa, a hiki i ka hopena i nā waiwai maikaʻi ʻole koke. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēia e ka hoʻohālikelike adsorption o Gibbs no nā ʻōnaehana multi-component.

 

3、Ke ʻano o ka emulsion

ʻAno

ʻO ka emulsion maʻamau, hoʻokahi māhele he wai a wai paha, aʻo ka mea'ē aʻe he mea olaʻole i hikiʻole ke hoʻoheheʻeʻia me ka wai, e like me ka momona, ka wax, etc.emulsion i hanaʻia e ka wai a me kaʻaila hiki ke māheleʻia iʻekoluʻano

(a) ʻAila i loko o ke ʻano wai (O'W)
(e) waiu huipu (W/O/W)
(b) ʻAila i loko o ke ʻano wai (W/O)

(1) Emulsion ʻaila/wai (0/W), ʻaila i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ka wai. ʻO ka aila kahi māhele i hoʻopuehu ʻia (ʻaoʻao i loko), a ʻo ka wai kahi manawa mau (ʻaoʻao waho) aila i loko o ka emulsion wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai. E like me ka waiū, ka waiū soya, etc.

(2) Ka wai/ʻaila (W/0) emulsion, ka wai i hoʻopuehu ʻia i ka ʻaila. ʻO ka wai kahi māhele i hoʻopuehu ʻia (ʻaoʻao i loko) a ʻo ka ʻaila kahi manawa mau (ʻaoʻao waho) o ka wai i ka emulsion aila. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kēia ʻano emulsion me ka ʻaila. E like me ka pata artificial, ka aila ʻaila, etc.

(3) ʻO nā emulsion me ke apo, i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopuehu ʻia ʻana o ka wai a me nā ʻāpana aila papa ma ka papa, ʻelua mau ʻano: ka aila i loko o ka wai a me ka ʻaila i loko o ka ʻaila 0/W/0 (ʻo ia hoʻi ka pae wai me nā kulu aila i hoʻopuehu ʻia i ka wā aila a me ka wai i loko o ka ʻaila a me ka wai i ka wai W/0/W (ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻaila ʻaila me nā kulu wai i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ka maʻamau o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai i hoʻopuehu ʻia. aila.

 

Ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano emulsion

(1) Keʻano dilution

E hoʻoheheʻe i ka emulsion me ka wai like e like me ka pae mau. ʻO ka emulsion hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai he ʻano ʻaila/wai, a ʻo ka emulsion hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ʻaila ʻano wai/ʻaila.
No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka waiū e ka wai, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻaila ʻaila. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka waiū he O/W emulsion.

(2) Keʻano alakaʻi

He ʻokoʻa loa ka conductivity o ka wai a me ka ʻaila, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka conductivity o ka ʻaila/wai emulsion ma mua o ko ka wai/ʻaila. No laila, hoʻokomo ʻia nā electrodes ʻelua i ka emulsion a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka neon i ka moʻo i loko o ka loop, a ua paʻa ke kukui ʻaila / wai.

(3) Keʻano o ke kala

E hoʻohui i 2-3 kulu o ka aila a i ʻole ka wai i loko o ka pahu hoʻāʻo, a e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka emulsion e like me ke ʻano o ka wai e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kala hoʻomau.

(4) Ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe pepa kānana

E hoʻokuʻu i ka lotion ma luna o ka pepa kānana. Inā hiki ke hoʻonui wikiwiki ka wai a waiho ʻia kahi kulu liʻiliʻi ma ke kikowaena, ʻo ka lotion ka aila i loko o ka wai; inā ʻaʻole e hoʻonui ka lotion, ʻo ka ʻaila i loko o ke ʻano wai.

(5) ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi refractive ʻokoʻa o ka wai a me ka ʻaila i ka māmā e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka emulsion. Inā he aila ka emulsion i loko o ka wai, pāʻani nā ʻāpana i kahi hana ʻohi māmā, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hema wale nō o nā ʻāpana ke ʻike ʻia me kahi microscope; Inā he wai ka emulsion i loko o ka ʻaila, hoʻokani nā ʻāpana i ke ʻano o ka astigmatism, a ʻo ka outline kūpono wale nō o nā ʻāpana ke ʻike ʻia me kahi microscope;

ʻO nā kumu nui e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka emulsion

(1) Phase volume:

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ke kumumanaʻo puʻupuʻu e 0stwald mai kahi hiʻohiʻona geometric. ʻO ka manaʻo, ʻo ka manaʻo ʻana he like ka nui a me nā pōʻai paʻa o nā pahu wai o ka wai, hiki ke helu ʻia ka hakina puʻupuʻu o nā peʻa wai i 74.02% o ka nui o ka leo i ka wā e paʻa loa ai lākou. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu hoʻohui o nā pahu wai ma mua o 74.02%, e hoʻopōʻino ʻia ka lotion.

(a) Emulsion i ulana ʻia e ka pulupulu waiwai like ʻole
(b) Uneven droplet dense stacking emulsion
(c) Pono nā kulu wai spherical ʻole e hoʻopaʻa a emulsion (paʻa ʻole)

E lawe i ka O/W type emulsion ma ke ano he la'ana, ina ua oi aku ka nui o ka helu o ka aila ma mua o 74.02%, hiki i ka emulsion ke hana i ke ano W/0 wale no, ke emi iho ka O/i i ka 25.98%, a ina he 25.98% -74.02% ka hakina, he 0/W a i ole W0 ano paha.

 

Hoʻokumu Molecular a me nā ʻano o nā Emulsifiers - Wedge Theory

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo wedge ma ke ʻano spatial o nā emulsifiers e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka emulsion. Hōʻike ka manaʻo wedge ʻaʻole like nā ʻāpana cross-sectional o nā hui hydrophilic a me ka hydrophobic i nā emulsifiers. ʻIke ʻia nā molekala o nā emulsifiers ma ke ʻano he wedges, me ka nui o kekahi ʻaoʻao a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi. Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka hopena liʻiliʻi o ka emulsifier i loko o ka ʻili o ka droplet e like me ka wedge a hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano kuhikuhi ma ke ʻano o ka ʻaila-wai. Hoʻonui ka hopena polar hydrophilic i ka pae wai, ʻoiai ke kaulahao lipophilic hydrocarbon e hoʻonui i ka pae ʻaila, e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika interfacial.

 

Ka hopena o ka Emulsifier Material ma ke ʻano emulsion

Ma waho aʻe o ka mana o nā mea e like me nā mea hana emulsion a me nā kūlana emulsion, loaʻa nā kūlana o waho i ka hopena i ke ʻano o ka emulsion. Eia kekahi laʻana, he ikaika ka hydrophilic a me ka lipophilic o ka paia emulsion, a ua maʻalahi ka O / W emulsion i ka wā e ikaika ai keʻano hydrophilic o ka paia emulsion, aʻo ka W / 0 emulsion he mea maʻalahi ke hana i ka ikaika o keʻano lipophilic o ka paia emulsion. ʻO ke kumu, pono ka wai e mālama i kahi papa o ka manawa mau ma ka paia, i ʻole e maʻalahi ka hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o nā pahu wai i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai. He hydrophilic ke aniani ʻoiai he hydrophobic ka plastic, no laila ua maʻalahi ka mea mua e hana i nā emulsion O/W a ʻo ka mea hope e hana i nā emulsions W/0.

 

Ka Manaʻo o ka Hui Hoʻohui ʻana o ʻElua Māhele

Hoʻomaka ka manaʻo wikiwiki coalescence mai ka hopena o ka wikiwiki coalescence o nā ʻano droplets ʻelua i hana i ka emulsion ma ka emulsion, a ua hoʻoholo i ka wikiwiki o ka coalescence o nā ʻano droplets ʻelua ma muli o ka wikiwiki coalescence o nā ʻano droplets ʻelua ke uhi ʻia ka emulsion, manō, a pepehi pū i ke koi.

 

Mahana

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka degere hydration o nā pūʻulu hydrophilic, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka hydrophilicity o nā mole. No laila, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka emulsion 0/w i hana ʻia ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa i kahi emulsion W/0 ma ka wela ʻana. ʻO kēia mahana hoʻololi ka mahana i hiki ai i nā waiwai hydrophilic a me lipophilic o ka surfactant i kahi kaulike kūpono, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka PIT transition temperature.

Eia naʻe, i ka nui o ka nui o ka emulsifier e lanakila ai i ka mana o ka wetting waiwai o ka mea emulsifier, ke ʻano o ka emulsion i hana ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka emulsifier ponoʻī a ʻaʻohe mea pili i ka hydrophilicity a me ka lipophilicity o ka pā moku.