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He alakaʻi holoʻokoʻa i ke koho ʻana i nā waiwai maka no nā kemika maikaʻi

Ⅰ.sodium metasilicate

1.Physical a me kemika waiwai

ʻO ka pauka kristal keʻokeʻo. Maʻalahi e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai a hoʻoheheʻe i ka hopena alkali; ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waiʻona a me nā waikawa. He alkaline ka hoʻonā wai. Hōʻike ʻia i ka lewa, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka makū a me ka deliquescence. ʻO ke kumu kemika ʻo Na2SiO3. Ka helu hehee 1088 ℃, mānoanoa 2.4 g/cm. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sodium metasilicate i ka wai. Ua hui pū ʻia me ka quartz a me ka lehu soda a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma 1000-1350 ℃ e hana i ka sodium metasilicate. Ua kapa ʻia ka wai aniani wai o ka sodium metasilicate, ʻo ia hoʻi ka sodium silicate. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka preservative, detergent, adhesive, fire retardant, waterproof agent, etc. Aia nā hana e like me ka wehe ʻana i ka unahi, emulsification, dispersion, wetting, permeability, a me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa pH.

Hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia nā kūlana hoʻohana o ka sodium metasilicate inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pH ma mua o a i ʻole like me 12. Ke emi ka pH ma mua o 12, hiki i ka sodium metasilicate ke hoʻohua i ka waikawa metasilicic i loko o ka hopena, e hana ana i kahi wai e hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.
2.Ka hoʻokaʻawale

(1) Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate
Nā waiwai kino a me kemika:

Ma waena o nā ʻano o ka sodium metasilicate, ʻo ka mea maʻamau a maʻamau ka pentahydrate sodium metasilicate. Ua kākau pinepine ʻia ke ʻano mole o ka pentahydrate sodium metasilicate crystals e like me Na2SiO3 · 5H2O, ʻo ia ka tetrahydrate o ka sodium dihydrogen orthosilicate me nā cations ʻelua. ʻO kona solubility (20 ℃) ​​he 50g/100g wai, a ʻo kona helu hoʻoheheʻe he 72 ℃. ʻElima wai sodium metasilicate nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka sodium silicate a me ka sodium metasilicate, a he hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā ion calcium a me ka magnesium, ʻoi aku hoʻi me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā ion magnesium ʻoi aku ma mua o 260mg MgCO2/g (35 ℃, 20min).

Nā hiʻohiʻona nui:

1. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana holoi holoi like ʻole. I loko o ka ʻoihana holoi, e like me ka ultra concentrated laundry detergent, holoi holoi lole, holoi ʻaila, holoi holoi maloʻo, fiber whitening agent, fabric bleaching agent, etc., ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻili metala, hue pia, float solvent clean agent. Ma hope o ka hoʻopau piha ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe metala, mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe unahi, mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻāpana uila, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea holoi ma ka ʻoihana meaʻai.

2. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono lepo a me ka demulsifier lepo i loko o ka ʻaila ʻaila a me ka wili maoli a me ka ʻenekinia mining.

3. I loko o ka ʻoihana kūkulu, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he coagulant no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mortar kūpaʻa i ka waika, ka ʻakika kūpaʻa a me ka sima.

4. Ma ka ʻoihana pepa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea hoʻopili, ka ʻīnika wehe ʻana no ka pepa ʻōpala, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ili no ka pepa.

5. Ma ke ʻano he mea paʻi a hoʻoluʻu i nā mea kōkua a me ka lole pretreatment ma ka ʻoihana textile. 6. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i mea hoʻopiha no ke kopa, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka mālama hua manu, a me ka sieve molecular vegetation, silicic acid, a me nā mea pale ahi.

6. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i mea hoʻopiha no ke kopa, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka mālama hua manu, a me ka sieve molecular vegetation, silicic acid, a me nā mea pale ahi.

7. I ka ʻoihana ceramic, hoʻohui i ka sodium metasilicate pentahydrate i ka slurry ceramic hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole o ka pālolo inorganic, e hoʻohana i ka hopena repulsion e hōʻemi i ka viscosity o ka slurry ceramic, a hoʻonui i ka fluidity. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe seramika

8. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium metasilicate pentahydrate i ka mea holoi holoi hale a me ka mea holoi lole ma muli o kāna buffering alkalinity maikaʻi loa i ka detergent, pale anti-corrosion no nā metala māmā (aluminum, zinc, etc.), ka hopena pale ma nā aniani a me ka porcelain, a me kona hiki ke hoʻokuʻu a emulsify i ka lepo a hoʻomāmā i ka wai; Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻaila ʻaila waho o ka ʻenekini. ʻOihana holoi lole; Nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe meaʻai; Mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe metala; Ma ke ʻano o ka mālama lole a me ka pepa de ink, he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi ia no nā detergent concentrated, phosphorus free a me haʻahaʻa phosphorus detergents. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana ceramic a me ka ʻoihana ʻaila.

Ka hui ʻana me nā mea maka ʻē aʻe:

1. Sodium citrate
2.Sodium gluconate
3.Sodium polyacrylate
4.EDTA-4Na
5.Sodium hydroxide

Nānā:

1. Hiki i ka inhalation a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana ke hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona ʻawaʻawa e like me ka gastroenteritis, hiki ke make. Hiki ke hoʻopili i ka ʻili i ka dermatitis a maloʻo paha.

2. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wela nui a i ʻole ka pili ʻana me ka waika a i ʻole ka noe alkali.

(2) Anhydrous sodium metasilicate

Nā waiwai kino a me kemika:

ʻO ke kumu molekala: Na2SiO3 (Na2O. SiO2) he mea keʻokeʻo a hina hina paha. ʻO ka sodium metasilicate he pauka keʻokeʻo ʻole a pollution ʻole a i ʻole ʻāpana crystalline e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai akā hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā waiʻona a me nā waikawa. He alkaline kona hoʻonā wai a hiki iā ia ke wehe i ka unahi, emulsify, hoʻopuehu, pulu, komo, a hoʻopaʻa i nā waiwai pH. No nā huahana paʻakai inorganic, maʻalahi ke komo i ka makū a me ka deliquescence ke kau ʻia i ka lewa.

Ke kumu nui:

1. Kokua holoi pauda. ISS a me 4A zeolite nā hana hoʻohui, a ke hui pū ʻia me ka ratio kūpono, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi loa iā STPP i ka mea holoi lole. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hana wale i ka pauka holoi lole maʻamau ma o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana e like me ka mea mua, akā hana pū kekahi i ka pauka holoi holoi ma o ka agglomeration e like me ka pauka kumu. Loaʻa ka waiwai maikaʻi o ka huahana, ʻaʻohe agglomeration, ʻaʻohe caking, a me ka mana decontamination ikaika.

2 mea holoi lole a me nā mea hoʻohui. Hoʻopili maikaʻi me nā surfactants a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe hydrolysis, ʻaʻohe ua.

3 ʻai o ka mea holoi holoi. He kiʻekiʻe ka waiwai o ka ʻaila e like me 70%, a ʻo kona hiki ke wehe i nā ʻaila hinu e pani ana i ka sodium silicate hydrated (ʻaila absorption waiwai o 38%).

4 ʻOihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā mea hoʻohui. He mea koʻikoʻi ka ISS o nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe like ʻole e like me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe metala, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila kaumaha, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila pipeline, a me nā ʻōmole a me nā ʻōmole holoi. Loaʻa iā ia ka mana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ikaika a me ka anti-corrosion a me nā hopena pale pale.

5. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe pololei i nā ʻaila hinu. Hiki ke hoʻohui pono ʻia ʻo ISS i loko o kahi ʻano kūpono o ka hoʻonā wai me ka pono ʻole o nā surfactants e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻaila ʻaila.

6. ʻO nā seramika, ka sima, nā mea hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me nā mea wili. He hopena kū hoʻokahi ko ISS no ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka coagulation a me ka depolymerization, hiki ke hoʻopōkole maikaʻi i ka manawa wili maikaʻi, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika o ka embryo a me ka cement grade i ka hana ʻana i nā ceramics, cement, a me nā mea refractory.

7. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui sima a me nā dispersants no ke kūkulu ʻana.

8. Electroplating rust removal a polishing agent, pH buffering agent.

9. ʻO ka mahu ʻili pulupulu, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pepa, ka mea hoʻopau lole.

10. Hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka mea hoʻopili a me ka dispersant sima i loko o kaʻaila, ke kinoea maoli, a me nā papahana hoʻoulu wai.

11 no ka anti-corrosion a me ka rust proof agents.

12 ka mālama ʻana i ka umu ahi, hoʻopili pōhaku.

13 mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā a me nā mea hoʻohui no nā thixotropes.

14 mea hoʻoikaika aniani.

 

Ⅱ.Emulsification hopena

Wehewehe:

ʻO ka Emulsification ke kaʻina o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i kahi wai i loko o ka lua immiscible wai. ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka emulsifier ʻo ke kopa, ka pauka detergent, a me nā pūhui ʻē aʻe, ʻo kona ʻano kumu he kaulahao alkyl polar ma ka hopena. I loko o ke kino kanaka, hiki i ka bile ke emulsify i ka momona e hana i nā ʻāpana lipid liʻiliʻi.

Emulsifier:

ʻO ke ʻano o nā wai ʻelua ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma muli o ka hana o nā surfactants i kapa ʻia ʻo emulsification phenomenon. ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe me ka hopena emulsifying i kapa ʻia he emulsifiers. Emulsification mechanical: Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā surfactants, ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai amphiphilic, ua maʻalahi lākou i adsorbed a hoʻonui ʻia ma ka ʻaila aila-wai, e hōʻemi ana i ka ʻāʻī waena. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka interface kahi mea nui e pili ana i ka paʻa o nā emulsions. Ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā emulsions inevitably e hoʻonui i ka interfacial area o ka ʻōnaehana, e koi ana i ka hana e hana ʻia ma ka ʻōnaehana, ma laila e hoʻonui ai i ka ikehu interfacial o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka paʻa ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana. No laila, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka paʻa o ka ʻōnaehana, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻāʻī o ka interfacial, ka hopena o ka emi ʻana o ka ikehu interfacial holoʻokoʻa. Ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻāʻī o ka interfacial, ʻo nā surfactants nā emulsifiers maikaʻi loa.

Emulsification mīkini:

ʻO kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohui e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻāʻī o ka interfacial he mea pono no ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka paʻa o nā emulsions. I ka ulu ʻana o ke kaulahao kalapona, piʻi mālie ka emi ʻana o ka ʻāʻī interfacial, a hoʻoikaika mālie ka hopena emulsification, e hana ana i kahi emulsion paʻa loa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ke kūpaʻa o nā emulsions. Hiki i kekahi mau waiʻona haʻahaʻa-carbon, e like me ka pentanol, ke hoʻemi i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma waena o ka ʻaila a me ka wai, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā emulsion paʻa. ʻO kekahi mau macromolecules, e like me ka gelatin, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili, akā he mau emulsifiers maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka paʻa ma ke ʻano he emulsifier e hana i kahi emulsion paʻa paʻa he laʻana ʻoi loa. No laila, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka naʻau interfacial e maʻalahi ka hana ʻana o nā emulsions, ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wale ʻana i ka ʻāʻī o ke alo e hōʻoia i ka paʻa o nā emulsions.

I ka pōkole, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa interfacial e hōʻike nui i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka emulsion, ʻaʻole ia he ana inevitable o ka emulsion stability. Hoʻololi nā Emulsifiers i ke kūlana interface, e ʻae i nā wai ʻelua, ka aila a me ka wai, ʻaʻole hiki ke hui pū ʻia, e hui pū. Hoʻokahi māhele o ka wai i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana he nui i hoʻopuehu ʻia i ka pae ʻē aʻe, e hana ana i emulsion.

 

Ⅲ. Papa hoʻohui

1 Paakai paakai

(1) Nā mea hoʻohui paʻakai inorganic, phosphates:

A. Sodium tripolyphosphate: He hopena hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ma luna o ka haumia aila kaumaha, me ka chelating, dispersing a me ka emulsifying hopena, corrosion inhibition a me ka corrosion inhibition hopena. Loaʻa i ka Phosphates ka hopena corrosive ma ke keleawe a me ka hopena inhibition corrosion ma ke kila.

B. Sodium hexametaphosphate: he mea hoʻohui maikaʻi no nā ʻaila ʻaila māmā.

C.Potassium (sodium) pyrophosphate; He mea hoʻohui maikaʻi no nā ʻaila hinu nui,

Silicates

ʻO ka sodium carbonate: hiki iā ia ke saponify i ka aila a palupalu i ka wai, gel pulu e like me ka aila a loaʻa ka hopena inhibition corrosion maikaʻi i ka waiwai PH o ka hopena. Pili kaiapuni a ʻaʻohe pōʻino i ke olakino kanaka i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana.

ʻO ka sodium chloride: kahi penetrant inorganic maikaʻi e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kāpili a loaʻa kahi hopena mānoanoa maikaʻi.

ʻO ka sodium sulfate: kahi hoʻopihapiha maikaʻi e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hana o nā surfactants.

Borax: hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai akā me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka propylene glycol, loaʻa ka hana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana ʻili, sterilization a me ka corrosion inhibition.

ʻO ka sodium hydroxide: He hopena saponification i nā aila a me nā momona. ʻO ka sodium silicate: Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai, hana ia i ke aniani wai a he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi e hoʻopuehu ai i nā aila a me nā momona.

ʻO Trisodium phosphate: hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe metala, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe boiler, degreaser, a me ka debonding agent.

(2) Nā mea hoʻohui paʻakai organik

ETDA disodium, trisodium, a me tetrasodium: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Disodium a me ka tetrasodium, me ka ʻakika nāwaliwali ka disodium a me ka alkaline nāwaliwali ka tetrasodium. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka chelating agents, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka chelate calcium a me ka magnesium ions, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka ʻili, loaʻa nā hopena hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hoʻopiʻi rust, loaʻa nā hopena solubilizing maikaʻi, a hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻike o ke kāpili.

ʻO ka sodium citrate (ammonium): hoʻokaʻawale i nā ion ferrous a me ka hao, loaʻa nā waiwai hoʻoneʻe ʻōpala, a loaʻa nā hopena chelation maikaʻi i nā ion calcium a me ka magnesium. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ka trimerization ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui hoʻomaʻemaʻe non-toxic.

ʻO ka sodium gluconate: he hopena maikaʻi ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpala, me ka hopena ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpala ma mua o ka disodium EDTA, akā ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi.

Organic phosphate: HEDP-4Na i hiki ke chelate calcium, magnesium, hao, aluminika, a me ka zinc ions, maikaʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe hopena, corrosive hopena ma keleawe, alkaline pH waiwai oi aku mamua o 12, ikaika alkalinity, a he maikai degreaser.

Paʻakai Benzoate:

ʻO ka sodium benzoate: loaʻa nā hopena anti-corrosion a me ka hoʻohālikelike.

ʻO ka sodium dimethylbenzenesulfonate: maikaʻi ka hopena hoʻohālikelike, akā nāwaliwali ka hopena hoʻomaʻemaʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hopena hoʻohālikelike synthetic, e like me triethanolamine, alcohol ether, etc.

ʻO Sodium polyacrylate: ʻO ka hemahema ʻo ia ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopuehu ʻia. Loaʻa nā hopena like ʻole o nā paona molekala like ʻole. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena chelating ikaika, e kōkua ana i ka pale ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka wai a hoʻonui i ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā detergents.

Oleic acid triethanolamine: Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai emulsifying maikaʻi a loaʻa nō hoʻi ka hiki ke pale i ka ʻaila mineral a me nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.

ʻO ka waikawa Citric: ka waikawa nui loa i loko o nā ʻakika organik. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka holoi ʻana i nā huahana, hoʻokaʻawale koke i nā ion metala, pale i nā pollutants mai ka hoʻopili hou ʻana i nā lole, mālama i ka alkalinity pono, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he chelating agent.

Hōʻuluʻulu;

(1) ʻO ka mea chelating ikaika loa i hoʻohana mau ʻia ʻo EDTA

(2) Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ABS me ka sodium polyacrylate, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana o ABS.

(3) ʻO ka sodium benzoate ka reagent i makemake ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana me nā waiwai pale i ka ʻōpala.

2 mea hoʻohui solvent

(1) Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā waiʻona e like me ka ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, a me propylene glycol ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui waiʻona, me ka ethanol a me ka isopropanol me nā waiwai permeation maikaʻi.

(2) ʻO ka waiʻona ether ethylene glycol ether a me ka propylene glycol ether ka hoʻohui maikaʻi a me nā hopena hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kiko ao.

(3) Alcoholamin monoethanolamine: me ka pH waiwai ma kahi o 11.5, aia nā waiwai o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā mea hoʻohui alkaline, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ao.

ʻO Diethylamine: me ka waiwai pH ma kahi o 11.9, loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā mea hoʻohui alkaline, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ao.

Triethanolamine: ʻO ka amine waiʻona maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia, me ka waiwai pH ma kahi o 10.7, loaʻa nā waiwai o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā mea hoʻohui alkaline, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ao. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā ia ka mana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ikaika loa a loaʻa nā hopena corrosive a chelating

(4) Ketones

 

Ⅳ.surface active agent

1 Māhele

(1) Anionic surfactant sulfonate:

1) ABS (Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate):

Hoʻokaʻawale: Māhele ʻia i ʻelua ʻano: paʻakikī (loaʻa nā kaulahao lālā) a me ka palupalu (loaʻa nā pilina pololei)

He maikaʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ABS paʻa akā maikaʻi ʻole ka biodegradability, ʻoiai ʻo ABS palupalu ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe akā maikaʻi ka biodegradability

Hoʻohana: ʻO ka mea nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home, ka ʻoihana hana metala, i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka degreaser, ʻoihana paʻa, hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mānoanoa

Manaʻo: ʻAʻole kūpaʻa ka ABS i ka wai, ka wai a me ka alkali. Ke hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka mānoanoa, pono e hoʻomehanaʻia

2) Alkyl sulfonates: loaʻa ka biodegradability maikaʻi a kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home

3) Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate (kahi hui o nā hui vinyl a me hydroxyl): he biodegradability maikaʻi a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi hale a me ka lumi kuke.

4) Fatty acid acetylsulfonate (ʻaʻole i hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia): ʻO ka hiki ke kūʻē i ka wai paʻakikī, maikaʻi ka lima lima, mālie i ka ʻili.

5) Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka polyoxyethylene ether amber sulfonate ka lua me ka wai amonia a me ka triethanolamine.

6) NN-oleoyl sulfonate

7) Fatty amide sulfonate

8) BX Sodium Butyl Naphthalene Sulfonate (Huki Pauda)

9) Petroleum sulfonate: hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻaila ʻaila

Nā paʻakai Phosphate:

1) Nā mea pani no ka waiʻona:

Hana: Loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka dispersibility, a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, a me nā amines

Nā ʻano: ʻoluʻolu i ka ʻili, maikaʻi ʻole ka biodegradability, a me ka hiki ke komo maikaʻi.

Sulfate:

1) ʻO ka momona waiʻona sulfate (AS)

2) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES): ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o AES a me AEC e loaʻa mau nā hopena maikaʻi.

3) ʻO ka waiʻona momona polyoxyethylene sulfate K12 (sodium dodecyl sulfate)

4) Acyl glycerol sulfate ester

Paʻakai Carboxylate:

1) Loaʻa i ka kopa C17H35COONa nā hopena anti-foaming a me ka defoaming

2) Sodium Alcohol Ether Carboxylate (AEC): Palekana a me ke kaiapuni, me ka biodegradability maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka compatibilizer a me ka dispersant.

3) Sodium lauroyl ammonium paʻakai no ka shampoo hoʻohana kīwila

4) Hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium oleyl amino acid (Remy Bang) no ka lole siliki a me ka brocade, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili.

5) Lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether ortho naphthalene dicarboxylic acid monoester sodium paʻakai he kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka wai paʻakikī, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki.

(2) Kaationic surfactant

(3) ʻO ka surfactant non-ionic

1) Nā ʻano: hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai; maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe; E maʻalahi ka hui ʻana (hiki ke hui pū ʻia nā surfactants cationic a me anionic nonionic, a ʻo ka ratio o nā surfactants cationic i nā surfactants anionic he 4-50:1, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hana o nā cations)

2) He waiwai hydrophilic a me oleophilic ka waiwai HLB. Aia ka waiwai HLB ma waena o 1-3, he hana defoaming, aia ma waena o 13-15, he hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ia, a aia ma waena o 11-15, he hana pulu

3) Lae ao: Ke kokoke ka lae ao ikaika i ka lae ao o kekahi mea, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

4) ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka lae ao o nā mea e pili ana i nā electrolytes, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, nā anion a me nā cations, a me nā polymers ikaika o ka honua amphoteric.

5) Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā Polyethylene Glycols:

A: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether

Emulsifier: FO, MOA, O-3

Mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe: AEO-9

Agena komo: JFC

Hana: Ka mana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ikaika; Haʻahaʻa wela, haʻahaʻa pahu; ʻO ka biodegradation maikaʻi; Loaʻa i ka O-9 kahi hopena hoʻonui

B: APEO (Alkylbenzene Polyoxyethylene Ether)

Nā hiʻohiʻona: ka waikawa a me ke kūpaʻa alkali;

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka pūhui biodegradability: TX+AEO+AS (AES) hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ikaika

Nā ʻokoʻa i nā noi OP, NP, TX:

Hana ʻana i ka Emulsification: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka permeability OP ma mua o TX

Hoʻopuehu: ʻoi aku ka TX ma mua o OP

Ka helu ao a me ka waiwai HLB: ʻoi aku ka OP ma mua o TX

Waiwai huʻihuʻi: ʻoi aku ka OP ma mua o TX

Maʻemaʻe: ʻOi aku ka OP ma mua o TX

C: AE (fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester) no ka hoʻohana kīwila

D: FMEE (fatty acid methyl ester polyoxyethylene ether)

E: Nā hiʻohiʻona polyether: maikaʻi emulsifying hana; Hana hoʻopuehu maikaʻi; ʻO ka hana lubrication maikaʻi; ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka huʻa maikaʻi a me ka hana defoaming

F: Polyoxyethylene alkylamine

Polyols:

A: Dehydrated sorbic acid ester

Nā ʻano: ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai; Hoʻopuehu maikaʻi

B: ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Sucrose ester: acid a me alkali resistance, biodegradability maikaʻi, hoʻohana ʻia no ka papa ʻaina a me nā hale ākea

C: APG

D: He kūpono ka Alkyl alcohol amide (Ninal) no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā aila holoholona a me nā mea kanu, nā aila mineral a me nā momona.

Nā hiʻohiʻona: ka huʻa, ka huʻa paʻa, ka mānoanoa, ka hana pale ʻana i ka ʻōpala

(4) Amphoteric surfactant

Nā surfactants kūikawā:

(1) He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ko FC (70-72) a me ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ma kahi o 0.1%. Loaʻa iā ia ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ikaika a ʻaʻole hiki ke pili i ka lepo ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea liʻiliʻi.

(2) - SI - Loaʻa i nā mea kalapona Silicon nā waiwai defoaming

(3) Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻaila Boric acid no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōpala a ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he lubricant a he liʻiliʻi ka pollution kaiapuni

(4) Ka hana ili o nā polymers

Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hopena thickening

Hoʻokaʻawale i nā defoamers

(1) Haʻahaʻa waiʻona

(2) Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka Ethylene glycol butyl ether ma ke ʻano he pani no nā eter waiʻona ma muli o kona pono akā ʻona.

(3) ʻAkika (silicic acid)

(4) Phospholipids (tributyl ester)

(5) ʻO nā hydrocarbons halogenated

(6) ʻO ka silane defoamer

(7) Loaʻa iā Carbon-6 a hiki i ka carbon-12 nā waiwai defoaming

3 Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā surfactants

(1) Emulsification hopena

(2) Hoʻopuehu ka hopena

(3) Ka hopena pulu

(4) Ka hopena mānoanoa

(5) Ka hopena defoaming
Hōʻuluʻulu;

1. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: CMC, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, kahi mea hoʻohui organik maikaʻi.

2 . TX-10: Loaʻa iā ia ka pulu maikaʻi, emulsification, dispersion, stain removal, anti-static, a me nā waiwai paʻakikī o ka wai, a hiki ke hui pū me nā surfactants like ʻole.

3. Nina;
Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo 6501 i ka wai, me ke komo ikaika a me ka mana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a he hopena maikaʻi ka mānoanoa a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōpala.

4 . AEO-7: hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, me ka pulu maikaʻi, emulsifying, dispersing, a me ka huʻihuʻi waiwai, kiʻekiʻe degreasing a me ka ʻili hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā waiwai.

5. Triethanolamine oleate: loaʻa nā waiwai emulsifying maikaʻi a kūpaʻa i ka holoholona, ​​nā mea kanu, a me nā aila mineral.

6. Polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether (JFC)

7. Sodium citrate; Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ka sodium tripolyphosphate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui hoʻomaʻemaʻe non-toxic a loaʻa ka hopena chelating maikaʻi i nā ion calcium a me ka magnesium.

8. 226SA (Super Non Ionic Surfactant): E like me ka aila stains, he maikaʻi maikaʻi dynamic degreasing a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mana, a he maikai emulsification a me ka ikaika dispersion hopena ma ka aila stains a me ka wax unahi.

9. 445N: ʻO ka hopena chelating ikaika, kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka wai a hoʻonui i ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka mea holoi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

10 . ʻO ka JFC penetrant: kahi surfactant non-ionic me nā pūʻulu hydrophilic a me oleophilic paʻa, kahi e hoʻemi nui ai i ka ʻili o ka wai a loaʻa nā hopena emulsifying a holoi.

11. Triethanolamine: Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wehe ʻana o nā ʻaila hinu, ʻoi aku ka non-polar sebum, a hoʻonui i ka hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe alkaline.

12 . ABS: Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ikaika a hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hiki ke hoʻohua maikaʻi

13. AEO-9: Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he emulsifier, wehe i ka ʻili, a me ka mea holoi.

14. AEO-3: He kūpaʻa maikaʻi kona i ka wai paʻakikī no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ʻaila ʻaila kaumaha, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke hui pū ʻia me ka ethanol, DBP, DBE, a me JFC.

15. Sodium silicate: Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko o ka wai, hana ia i ke aniani wai a he mea holoi maikaʻi.

16. QYL-290: Wehe i nā waihona kalapona. ʻO nā mea hoʻoikaika kino i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka lepo a me ke kalapona ʻeleʻele

17. CP-5: Ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, ka pale ʻana i ka deposition paʻa, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana decontamination.

18 . T-C6: Ke kū'ē i ka hopena maikaʻi loa, ka hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻana a me ka hiki ke wehe i ka ʻili

19. AEO-4: Loaʻa nā waiwai emulsifying a me ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi no ka ʻaila mineral a me ka aila holoholona

20. D-Ningxi: Wehe i ke kāpili a me ka ʻōpala. Loaʻa ka hana holoi 21 trisodium phosphate: mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, mea holoi, mea hoʻopaneʻe metala, mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka paila, ka mea hoʻopau debonding.